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Freight Tutorial - your knowledge base

Air Freight

Air Tutorial

Here we collected an useful information regarding all types of freight transport, as well as the legal framework for customs clearance. 

Our experts are always ready to support you with every step and any issues!

What does "chargeable" weight mean?

 

 

Let's start with the fact that all airline's freight rates are based on a "chargeable weight". According to the rules of the International Association of Carriers IATA,   "chargeable" weight  is the highest value between volumetric and actual weight.
 

Physical weight - gross weight, ie the actual weight in kg.
Volumetric weight - a value that indicates the amount of space occupied by cargo on an aircraft (based on 6 000 cubic cm per one kilogram).

How to calculate "chargeable" weight of cargo:

Assume you have the goods: two boxes with tools

Gross weight of each box - 60 kg
Dimensions of each box (LxWxH): 0,40x0,50x0,30cm

 

Step 1: find total gross (actual) weight of the cargo
The total gross (actual) weigth of the cargo: 60kg * 2 boxes=120kg

Step 2: use formula to calculate volumetric weight of the cargo
LxWxH x Quantity of pieces (in our case there are two places - 2 boxes) / 0.006
Let's calculate:
0.40 * 0.50 * 0.30 * 2=0.12 / 6000=20kg

Step3: compare total gross (actual) and volumetric weights of the cargo. The highest value would be considered as chargeable weight:
120 kg (total gross weight) greater than 20 kg (volumetric weight).
120 kg will be considered as "chargeable weight" on which airfreight rate would be based.
Good to know! If the packaging has cylindrical form (tube, roll, barrel, etc.), the volumetric weight is calculated by the formula:
(Radius * Radius * 3.14 * Height) / 0.006

 

Aircraft types

Depending on measurements of cargo, nature and weight, your cargo can be transported at passenger or freighter aircraft.
Fleet of cargo aircraft have been operated by such companies as AirBridgeCargo, Lufthansa, Korean Air, Air France and others.

 

Characteristics of the main types of passenger aircraft:

Characteristics of the main types of freighter aircraft:

ENF TU204-IL96
ENF B767-777F

Airbus A319

 

Payload: 5 289 kg

Volume: 20,3 m³

 

Cargo door dimensions (WxH):

Forward: 181x123cm

Aft: 181x123cm

 

 

Airbus A320

 

Payload: 9 435 kg

Volume: 37,4 m³

 

Cargo door dimensions (WxH):

Forward: 181x123cm

Aft: 181x123cm

Bulk: 95x77cm

 

Airbus A330-200

 

Payload: 16 000  kg

Volume: 62 m³

 

Cargo door dimensions (WxH):

Forward: 244x168cm

Aft: 244x168cm

Bulk: 95x69cm

Airbus A330-300

 

Payload: 18 000 kg

Volume: 90 m³

 

Cargo door dimensions (WxH):

Forward: 270x168cm

Aft: 270x168cm

Bulk: 95x62cm

Boeing 737(700/800/900)

 

Payload:

5,180 kg/8,409 kg/9,103 kg

Volume:

27.3 m³/44 m³/51.7 m³

 

Cargo door dimensions (WxH):

Forward: 121x89 cm

Aft: 121x82 cm

Boeing 747

 

Payload: 53 091 kg

Volume: 204 m³

 

Cargo door dimensions (WxH):

Forward: 264x168cm

Aft: 264x168cm

Bulk: 119x112cm

Boeing 757 (200/300)

 

Payload:

12 065 kg/16 147 kg

Volume:

50.7 m³/67 m³

 

Cargo door dimensions (WxH):

Forward: 140x108cm

Aft: 140x112cm

Boeing 767-300

 

Payload: 28 824 kg

Volume: 147 m³

 

Cargo door dimensions (WxH):

Forward: 178x175cm

Aft: 178x175cm

Bulk: 96x114cm

Boeing 777 (200/300)

 

Payload: 56 925/76 656 kg
Volume: 196/265 m³

 

Cargo door dimensions (WxH):

Forward: 269x170cm

Aft: 178x170cm
Bulk: 91x114cm

Airbus A300 B4F

 

Payload: 44 000 kg 
Volume: 335 m3

 

Cargo door dimensions (WxH):

Main: 358x256cm

Forward: 243x170cm

Aft: 181x170cm

Bulk: 95X108cm

Airbus A300-600F

 

Payload: 48 000 kg 
Volume: 340 m3 

 

Cargo door dimensions (WxH):

Main: 358x256cm

Forward: 245x170cm

Aft: 245x170cm

Bulk: 95X108cm

Airbus A330-200F

 

Payload: 70 000 kg 
Volume: 475 m3


Cargo door dimensions (WxH):

Main: 358x257cm

Forward: 270x170cm

Aft: 273x168cm

Bulk: 95x95cm

Boeing 737-300F

 

Payload: 15 000kg
Volume: 130 m3


Cargo door dimensions (WxH):

Main: 340x219cm

Forward: 130x122cm

Aft: 122x122cm

Boeing 747-200/400F

 

Payload: 103 000kg/120 000kg
Volume: 736 m3/779 m3


Cargo door dimensions (WxH):

Nose: 356x249cm

Forward: 264X168cm

Aft: 264x168cm

Main: 340x305cm

Bulk: 112x119cm

Boeing 747-8

 

Payload: 134 000kg 
Volume: 858 m3 


Cargo door dimensions (WxH):

Nose: 264x249cm

Forward: 264X168cm

Aft: 264x168cm

Main: 341x305cm

Bulk: 112x119cm

Boeing 757-200F

 

Payload: 32 000kg 
Volume: 187 m3 


Cargo door dimensions (WxH):

Main: 340x218cm

Forward: 140x112cm

Aft: 140x112cm

Boeing 767-300F

 

Payload: 52 000kg 
Volume: 438 m3 


Cargo door dimensions (WxH):

Main: 340x261cm

Forward: 340x170cm

Aft: 340x170cm

Bulk: 97x114cm

Boeing 777F

 

Payload: 105 000kg 
Volume: 653 m3 


Cargo door dimensions (WxH):

Main: 372x315cm

Forward: 269x170cm

Aft: 269x170cm

Bulk: 90x121cm

Tupolev 204C

 

Payload: 28 500kg 
Volume: 170 m3

 

Cargo door dimensions (WxH):

Main: 340x182cm

Forward: 135x116cm

Aft: 135x116cm

Ilyushin IL96

 

Payload: 92 000 kg 
Volume: 580 m3

 

Cargo door dimensions (WxH):

Main: 485x287cm

Lower deck A: 269x184cm

Lower deck A: 269x173cm

 

Ilyushin IL76

 

Payload: 46 000 kg 
Volume: 240 m3

 

Cargo door dimensions (WxH):

Main Cabine: 340x330cm

 

Antonov AN124-100

 

Payload: 120 000 kg 
Volume: 1040 m3

 

Cargo door dimensions (WxH):

Main: 640x440cm

Aft: 640x440cm

EN-A319-320
EN A330-200-300
EN B737-747
EN B757-767
EN B777-A300B4F
ENF A300-600-200F
ENF B737-747
ENF B747-8-757-200F
ENF IL76-AN124

Air cargo pallets and containers specification

VZA Platform

VZA Platform

Dimensions: 336 x 205 cm MAX weight: 2500 kg Aircraft type: B747-200F, B747-200SF, B747-400ERF, MD11

PZA Pallet+VRA Car Transport Unit

PZA Pallet+VRA Car Transport Unit

Inner dimensions: 485 x 230 cm MAX weight: 11340 kg + 2500 kg Aircraft type: B747-200F, B747-200SF, B747-400ERF, MD11

Q PYB Pallet

Q PYB Pallet

Inner dimensions: 230 x 126 cm MAX weight: 1814 kg Aircraft type: B747-200F, B747-200SF, B747-400ERF

PKC Pallet

PKC Pallet

Inner dimensions: 150 x 146 cm MAX weight: 1134 kg Aircraft type: A320-200, A321-100

PLA/PLW Pallet

PLA/PLW Pallet

Inner dimensions: 304 x 139 cm MAX weight: 3175 kg Aircraft type: A300F, A300-600, A330-300, A340-200, A340-300, A340-600, B747-200F, B747-200SF, B747-400, B747-400ERF, B777-200, MD11

P1P, PAG, PAJ Pallet

P1P, PAG, PAJ Pallet

Inner dimensions: 304 x 210 cm MAX weight: 6804 kg Aircraft type: A300F, A300-600, A340-200, A340-300, A340-600, B747-200, B747-200SF, B747-400, B747-400ERF, B767-300F, B777-200, MD11

PAW Pallet

PAW Pallet

Inner dimensions: 304 x 210 cm MAX weight: 6804 kg Aircraft type: A300F, A300-600, A330-300, A340-200, A340-300, A340-600, B747-200F, B747-200SF, B747-400, B747-400ERF, B777-200, MD11

PAS Pallet

PAS Pallet

Inner dimensions: 304 x 210 cm MAX weight: 6804 kg Aircraft type: A310-300, A300-600, A340-200, A340-300, B747-200, B747-400, B747-200SF, B747-200F, MD11

10ft PMC Pallet

10ft PMC Pallet

Inner dimensions: 304 x 230 cm MAX weight: 6804 kg Aircraft type: A300F, A300-600, A330-300, A340-200, A340-300, A340-600, B747-200F, B747-200SF, B747-400, B747-400ERF, B767-300, B777-200, MD11

20ft PGE Pallet

20ft PGE Pallet

Inner dimensions: 592 x 230 cm MAX weight: 11340 kg Aircraft type: B747-200F, B747-200SF, B747-400ERF, MD11

PMW Pallet

PMW Pallet

Inner dimensions: 304 x 230 cm MAX weight: 6804 kg Aircraft type: A300F, A300-600, A330-300, A340-200, A340-300, A340-600, B747-200, B747-200SF, B747-400, B747-400ERF, B767-300F, B777-200, MD11

Heavy Duty PMS VMA (Rack) Pallet

Heavy Duty PMS VMA (Rack) Pallet

Inner dimensions: 304 x 231 cm MAX weight: 6804 kg Aircraft type: A300F, A300-600, A330-300, A340-200, A340-300, A340-600, B747-200F, B747-200SF, B747-400, B747-400ERF, B767-300F, B777-200, MD11

AKH Container

AKH Container

Inner dimensions: 146 x 144 x 111 cm MAX weight: 1134 kg Aircraft type: A320-200, A321-100

AKE, AVE LD3 Container

AKE, AVE LD3 Container

Inner dimensions: 146 x 144 x 160 cm MAX weight: 1588 kg Aircraft type: A310-300, A300-600, A340-200, A340-300, B747-200, B747-400, B747-200SF, B747-200F, MD11

LD9 Ref RAP Container

LD9 Ref RAP Container

Inner dimensions: 253 x 206 x 142 cm MAX weight: 5583 kg Aircraft type: A300F, A300-600, A330-300, A340-200, A340-300, A340-600, B747-200F, B747-200SF, B747-400, B747-400ERF, B767-300F, B777-200, MD11

Heat-and-cool RKN Container

Heat-and-cool RKN Container

Inner dimensions: 122 x 117 x 117 cm MAX weight: 1144 kg Aircraft type: A300F, A300-600, A330-300, A340-200, A340-300, A340-600, B747-200F, B747-200SF, B747-400, B747-400ERF, B767-300F, B777-200, MD11

AMP Container

AMP Container

Inner dimensions: 305 x 223 x 154 cm MAX weight: 6804 kg Aircraft type: A300F, A300-600, A330 -300, A340-200, A340-300, A340-600, B747-200F, B747-200SF, B747-400, B747-400ERF, B767-300F, B777-200, MD11

HMJ, HMA Triple Horse Container

HMJ, HMA Triple Horse Container

Inner dimensions: 234 x 188 x 232 cm MAX weight: 3000 kg Aircraft type: A300F, B747-200F, B747-200SF, B747-400ERF, 767-300F, MD11

10ft AMJ Container

10ft AMJ Container

Inner dimensions: 306 x 230 x 240 cm MAX weight: 6804 kg Aircraft type: A300F, B747-200F, B747-200SF, B747-400ERF, B767-300F, MD11

Sea Tutorial

Sea Freight

Glossary

B/L BILL OF LADING                                     

Legal document representing ownership of cargo, evidencing  a contract of carriage by sea and also negotiable document to receive cargo. 

Shipper is responsible for shipping details stated in B/L 

CY 

Container Yard.

Place located at port terminal area for storing, receiving, delivering containers before / after their further shipment.

СОС                                                                              

Carrier Owned Container                                    

SOC

Shipper Owned Container

STUFFING                                              

The loading of cargo into a container.                                    

BREAK BULK

Non-containerized cargo. Loose cement, grains,

ores, etc., are termed bulk cargo, whereas cargo shipped as a

unit (bags, bales, barrels, boxes, cartons, drums, pallets, sacks,

vehicles, etc.) is termed break bulk.

FEEDER VESSEL                                                            

Vessel used for local or short sea routes for transportation of cargo between ports which are not serviced by the main ocean vessels.

POD

Port of delivery

POL

Port of loading

BAF ("Bunker adjustment factor")                                    

A fuel surcharge expressed as a percentage added or subtracted from the freight amount, reflecting the movement in the market place price for bunkers.                           

ОТНС

Origin terminal handling charges

DTHC 

Destination terminal handling charges            

 

 

DROP-OFF CHARGE

Charge made by container owner and/or terminal operators for delivery of a leased, or pool container into depot stock. The dropoff charge may be a combination of actual handling and storage charges with surcharges.

DEMURRAGE 

Extra charge paid for failure to load or remove goods from container yard within allowed/free time period.

FREIGHT COLLECT             

Freight and charges be paid by the consignee

FREIGHT PREPAID

Freight and charges to be paid by the shipper.

CAF 

Currency Adjustment Factor - depended to fluctuations in exchange rates of tariff currencies, affect on shipping lines freight rates 

ISPS OR SEC

Security charges

FCL

Full container load

LCL

Less container load

GENERAL CARGO 

Cargo, cosisting of goods, packed in crates,

bags, packed as looses boxes or palletized.

FIFO (free in free out)/FIOS

Sea freight tariff includes sea/ocean shipment only.

Loading and discharging costs excluded from the tariff.

FILO (free in liner out)

Sea freight tariff includes sea/ocean shipment to the port of destination and discharging costs.

Loading costs excluded from the tariff.

LIFO (liner in free out)

Sea freight tariff includes loading costs and sea/ocean shipment to the port of destination.

Discharging costs excluded from the tariff.

LILO (liner in liner out)

Sea freight tariff includes loading costs, sea/ocean shipment to the port of destination, discharging costs.

 

Containers specification

20''DC

20''DC

Standard containers are used for all types of general cargo (dry cargo). Inside length 5,895 m Inside width 2,350 m Inside height 2,392 m Door width 2,340 m Door height 2,292 m Capacity 33 Cu.m TARE weight 2230 kgs MAX cargo weight 28230 kgs

20'' Open Top

20'' Open Top

Open-top containers are used for all types of general cargo (dry cargo). Loading from above or through the doors by crane or crab. Inside length 5,888 m Inside width 2,345 m Inside height 2,315 m Door width 2,286 m Door height 2,184 m Capacity 32 Cu.m TARE weight 2250 kgs MAX cargo weight 30480 kgs

40'' DC

40'' DC

Standard containers are used for all types general cargo (dry cargo). Inside length 12,029 m Inside width 2,350 m Inside height 2,392 m Door width 2,340 m Door height 2,292 m Capacity 67 Cu.m TARE weight 3780 kgs MAX cargo weight 26700 kgs

40'' Open Top

40'' Open Top

Open-top containers are used for all types of general cargo (dry cargo). Loading from above or through the doors by crane or crab. Inside length 12,029 m Inside width 2,342 m Inside height 2,326 m Door width 2,341 m Door height 2,274 m Capacity 65 Cu.m TARE weight 3810 kgs MAX cargo weight 26670 kgs

40'' HC

40'' HC

High-cube containers are used for all types general cargo (dry cargo) and over-height cargoes up to a maximum of 2.70 m tall. Inside length 12.024 m Inside width 2.350 m Inside height 2.697 m Door width 2.340 m Door height 2.597 m Capacity 76 Cu.m TARE weight 4020 Kgs MAX cargo weight 26460 Kgs

40'' Flatrack

40'' Flatrack

Flatracks are used to transport heavy-lifts and over-height or over-width cargoes. Inside length 11,832 m Inside width 2,228 m Inside height 1,981 m TARE weight 4200 kgs MAX cargo weight 40800 kgs

20'' Flatrack

20'' Flatrack

Flatracks are used to transport heavy-lifts and overheight or over-width cargoes. Inside length 5,698 m Inside width 2,230 m Inside height 2,255 m TARE weight 2500 kgs MAX cargo weight 21500 kgs

40'' Platform

40'' Platform

Platforms are used for oversized and very heavy cargoes. Inside length 12,192 m Inside width 2,245 m Inside height 0,648 m TARE weight 5700 kgs MAX cargo weight 39300 kgs

20'' Platform

20'' Platform

Platforms are used for oversized and very heavy cargoes. Inside length 6,058 m Inside width 2,438 m Inside height 0,370 m TARE weight 2520 kgs MAX cargo weight 27960 kgs

20'' Refrigerated

20'' Refrigerated

Refrigerated containers are used for goods which need to be transported at a constant temperature above or below freezing point (chilled goods and frozen goods, depending on the specified transport temperature). Inside length 5,724 m Inside width 2,286 m Inside height 2,014 m Door width 2,286 m Door height 2,067 m Capacity 26 Cu.m TARE weight 2550 kgs MAX cargo weight 21450 kgs

40'' Refrigerated

40'' Refrigerated

Refrigerated containers are used for goods which need to be transported at a constant temperature above or below freezing point (chilled goods and frozen goods, depending on the specified transport temperature). Inside length 11,840 m Inside width 2,286 m Inside height 2,120 m Door width 2,286 m Door height 2,195 m Capacity 60 Cu.m TARE weight 3850 kgs MAX cargo weight 26630 kgs

20'' Tank

20'' Tank

Tank containers are used for liquid cargoes. Inside length 6,058 m Inside width 2,438 m Inside height 2,438 m TARE weight 4190 kgs MAX cargo weight 26290 kgs (Capacity: from 7 500 liters to 35 000 liters; depend on container type)

Road Freight

Road Tutorial

Trucks specification

Tent semi-trailer truck (82 cbm)

Tent semi-trailer truck (82 cbm)

The most common body type. Suitable for most types of cargo transportation. Tent semi-trailer truck allows to load the cargo from the top either by side. Cargo capacity: 20-25 tonn. Useful volume: 60-92 cubic meters. Capacity: 22-33 euro-pallet. The internal dimensions of the semi-trailer: length of 13,20m up to 13,60m width from 2,43m up to 2,45m height of 2.40 m up to 2,50m.

Tilt semi-trailer  "Jumbo"

Tilt semi-trailer "Jumbo"

Tilt semi-trailer with large capacity. Cargo capacity: 20-24 tons. Useful volume: 96-120 cubic meters. Capacity: 33 euro-pallet. Inner dimensions: length 13,8m width 2,45m height from 2,45m to 3m.

Road train" type truck (110-120 cbm)

Road train" type truck (110-120 cbm)

Unlike standart tent trailer this "road train" type truck consists of a vehicle and a trailer of the same or different in size and carrying capacity, depending on the design features of the particular vehicle. Cargo capacity: 20-24 tons      Useful volume: 110-120 cubic meters.      Capacity: 34-38 europallet Inner dimensions:     length 7,1-8m     width 2,45m     height 2,95-3m

Small tilt trailer truck

Small tilt trailer truck

The truck can be equipped with fastening belts and other additional equipment. Capacity: 1,5-1,7 tons. Useful volume: 11.9 m3 Inner dimensions:     2,8-3,2m length (there are elongated body type up to 4.5 m) width 1,8-1,9m     height 1,7-2m

Customs Tutorial

Incoterms 2010

Terms excluded from Incoterms 2010 (Incoterms 2000)

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